刘战雄，南京农业大学哲学系副教授、农业伦理研究中心副主任。期刊 Novation-Critical Studies of Innovation 编委， 4TU. Centre for Ethics and Technology.成员。作为负责任创新在中国的研究者之一，他做了关于负责任创新相关的博士论文，并在全责任、人工智能负责任创新、农业负责任创新等领域累计发表CSSCI论文十余篇。
LIU Zhanxiong is Associate professor of Philosophy, NanJing Agricultural University (NAU), as well as the Vice Director of Agricultural Ethics Research Center of NAU. He is also a member of the Editorial Board of Novation-Critical Studies of Innovation, and member of the Centre for Ethics and Technology of 4TU. His doctoral dissertation is on Responsible Innovation (RI) and he has published widely on topics such as responsible innovation in AI, responsible agricultural innovation and so on. The English text of the interview follows the Chinese version.
1.麻烦您简要谈一下负责任创新在中国的发展历史。
负责任创新最早于2010年由赵迎欢(2010)、王前、朱勤（2010）三位学者引介到国内，2016年正式写入《“十三五”国家科技创新规划》；此后，5TU—3TU 联合主办的科技伦理国际会议（现已变为8TU—4TU）和在中国召开的第19届国际技术哲学会议对负责任创新在中国的传播有着非常重要推动作用。10几年来，中国在负责任创新的研究与实践方面取得了丰富的成果：标题中直接含有“负责任创新”或“负责任研究和创新”的著作/文集有3部（梅亮，2018；王前，布瑞，2019；廖苗，2020）；国家级项目12项；论文近150篇（包括来自东北大学等高校的学位论文20余篇）。2021年，中国科学与科技政策研究会成立了“科研诚信与负责任创新专业委员会”。
2.负责任创新的研究在中国已经开展了数年时间，请您谈谈负责任创新在中国的实践现状和面临的问题。
中国学者对负责任创新的研究主要集中在管理学和哲学两大领域，其中一些研究包含了STS的视角。
概念方面，我曾尝试提出负责任创新所标识的责任是一种“全责任”(overall-responsibility)。案例研究方面,一是晏萍（2015）、贾浩然（2017）等学者通过对大连港、中国无线谷、杭州水治理、三峡集团、南沙港等的分析指出,其相关做法是负责任创新；二是薛桂波（2015）、郭林生（2019）等学者运用负责任创新对转基因生态林、人工智能、合成生物学、高新园区等的负责任发展提出建议。理论进路方面，于晶（2016）、杨坤（2021）等学者通过对相应评价指标体系、演化博弈与扩散机制、价值冲突转化、领导风格等的研究，为负责任创新的实现提供了参考。而在理论反思方面，王小伟（2017）等学者则指出轻率使用负责任创新模型可能导致价值困惑和价值迁移风险，且已有研究理论辨析过多，而未能将着力点放在使其对实践的有效引导之上（段伟文，2021），也缺乏对何为最不负责的研究与创新的追问（刘益东，2016）。
中国负责任创新研究当前面临的主要挑战是怎样将理论更好的与中国实践相结合，并为全球负责任创新的研究与实践提供中国智慧和中国方案。
3.您认为中国科学家如何参与负责任创新？负责任创新对中国公众和社会而言又具有什么意义？
大多数科学家并不了解甚至不知道负责任创新，但他们一直以自己的方式践行着负责任创新：一是做好科技创新本职，在中国文化中，做好本职即为负责，而且对负责任创新而言，创新本身就是一种责任；二是恪守学术道德和科研伦理，同时弘扬科学家精神，并进行内部监督，对违规事件进行批评和举报；三是坚持科技创新的人民立场，科学家从上学就被教育科技创新应该服务于人类。特别值得一提的是，科学家正在有意识的加强科普，以提升公众参与科技创新的意识和能力。
而对绝大多数普通人来说，负责任创新仍是一个未曾听闻的陌生词汇。于公众而言，负责任和创新是两回事，前者意味着做好自己分内的事，尊重仁义礼智信等传统道德，并践行社会主义核心价值观，做一个负责任的好人，这也与中国传统文化的“责任本位”（陈来，2014）相一致；后者则意味着国家和企业竞争力的来源，也是个人生活水平得以提升的关键。国家虽然强调创新是引领发展的第一动力，提出创新驱动发展战略和万众创业大众创新战略，但也已明确意识到创新可能带来风险，因而倡导伦理治理和科技向善。但普通人依然是创新的支持者甚至偏爱者。不过随着中国正在经历从技术决定论向反思现代化的转变过程（李福嘉，2018）,加上公众对自身对一些新兴科技创新负效应的切身体会以及创新后果关注度的提升（赵延东、廖苗，2017），大家对创新的态度也逐渐变的更为客观、全面和理性。
4.您是否可以对负责任创新在中国的发展简单做个展望？
继《“十三五”国家科技创新规划》之后，负责任创新今年3月又被写入《关于加强科技伦理治理的意见》，这必将大大促进相关研究与实践的发展。
研究层面，建议进一步将负责任创新与创新驱动发展、高水平科技自立自强、新发展理念和中国已有相关理论或实践相结合，以增强其助力创新发展的能力和水平。
实践层面，将有更多相关课程开设，亦会有更多的相关政策出台，促进物质、精神等的共同富裕；相关企业特别是高新技术企业也会不断在生态文明建设、生命权利和隐私保护、科技致善等方面做出新贡献。
此外，中国负责任创新的理论与实践界尤其会进一步加强国际交流合作，借鉴国外先进经验，同时做出自己的贡献。目前已有学者在撰写介绍中国负责任创新现状的专门文章。
Could you share the development history of responsible innovation in China?
Responsible innovation (abbr. RI) was first introduced to China by Zhao Yinghuan (Zhao Y.H,2010 ), Wang Qian and Zhu Qin in 2010 (Wang Q,Zhu Q,2010). It was officially written in China’s 13th Five-Year National Science and Technology Innovation Plan in 2016. Later on, the international conferences on science and technology ethics hold by 5TU-3TU(It is 8TU-4TU now) and the 19th International Conference of Society for Philosophy and Technology played an important role in promoting the spread of RI in China. In the past decade and more, China has made abundant achievements in the research and practice of RI: included 3 collections directly containing “responsible innovation” or “responsible research and innovation” (Mei L,2018; Wang Q,Brey,B2019; Liao M,2020); 12 national projects; nearly 150 papers have been published (including more than 20 dissertations from universities like Northeastern University). In 2021, the Chinese Society for Science and Technology Policy established Committee on Research Integrity and Responsible Innovation.
What is the current status of the practice related to research on responsible innovation in China? What are the challenges?
Chinese scholars’ study of RI are mainly concentrated in two fields: management and philosophy, some of them including STS perspectives. In terms of RI, I tried to propose that the responsibility identified by RI is “overall-responsibility“(Liu Z.X,2018). On Case studies, Yan Ping(2015) and Jia Haoran(2017) et al point out that relevant practices of Dalian Port, the China’s Wireless Valley, water governance in Hangzhou, China Three Gorges Corporation and Nansha Port are RI. Meanwhile, Xue Guibo(2015) and Guo Linsheng(2019) et al use RI to guide genetically modified ecological forest, artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, brain-machine interface and high-tech zone. On theory approaches, Yu Jing(2016) and Yang Kun(2021) et al supply references for the realization of RI by the research of related evaluation indicator system, evolutionary game and diffusion mechanism, transformation of value conflicts and leadership style. And in the aspect of theoretical reflection, Chinese scholars like Wang Xiaowei (2017) point out that the reckless use of RI model may lead to value confusion and value transition risk, and the existing research theory has too much discrimination and fail to focus on the effective guidance of practice(Duan W.W,2021), and lacks inquiry on what is the most irresponsible research and innovation(Liu Y.D,2016).
The main challenge facing the research of RI in China is how to better integrate the theory with Chinese practices and provide Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for the research and practice of RI in the world.
How do you think Chinese scientists are involved in responsible innovation? What does responsible innovation mean for the Chinese public and society?
Most scientists are neither quite clear nor have even heard about RI in China, but they have been practicing RI in their own ways.On the first, Most scientists do the duty of scientific and technological innovation well, means in Chinese culture, do it responsibly, and therefore the innovation itself is a way to manifest this responsibility. Secondly, scientists are abide by academic ethics and research ethics, carry forward the spirit of scientists, conduct internal supervision, and criticize and report violations; Third, they keep stand on the people’s side when do scientific and technological innovation. Scientists have been taught since school that scientific and technological innovation should serve mankind. In particular, scientists are making a conscious effort to popularize science in order to enhance the public’s awareness and ability to participate in scientific and technological innovation.
For most ordinary people, RI is still an unfamiliar term. To to public, responsibility and innovation are two different things. The former means to do one’s duty well, respect traditional morality such as benevolence, justice, courtesy, wisdom and credibility, and practice socialist core values to be a responsible good person, which is also consistent with the “Responsibility Standard” of traditional Chinese culture (Chen L, 2014); the latter is a source of national and corporate competitiveness and the key to improving individual living standards. Although the state emphasizes that innovation is the primary driving force of development and therefore proposes the innovation-driven development strategy and the mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation strategy, it has clearly realized that innovation may bring risks and therefore advocates ethical governance and good science and technology. However, ordinary people are still supporters and even favor innovation. But China is going through the transitioning process of moving from technology determinism to reflexive modernization (Li F.J, 2018), moreover, as far as public’s experience of the negative effects of some emerging technological innovations and attention to the consequences of innovation increased (Zhao Y.D,Liao M,2017), people’s attitude towards innovation is also gradually shifting to be more objective, comprehensive and rational.
Can you give a brief outlook into the future development of responsible innovation in China?
Following the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Science and Technology Innovation, RI was included in the Guidelines on Strengthening ethical Governance of Science and technology in March this year, which will greatly promote the development of related researches and practices.
At the research level, it is suggested to further combine RI with innovation-driven development, high-level science and technology self-reliance and new development concepts with existing theories or practices in China, so as to enhance their ability and level of assisting innovative development .
On the practical level, more relevant courses will be opened, and more relevant policies will be introduced to promote the common prosperity of material and spirit. Relevant enterprises, especially high-tech enterprises, will continue to make new contributions to the construction of ecological civilization, the protection of life rights and privacy, and the promotion of good science and technology.
In addition, the theoretical and practical circles of RI in China will further strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, learn from foreign advanced experience, and make their own contributions. Actually, there are scholars are writing special articles on the status of RI in China at present.
The editors acknowledge the additional support of Benedict Santosh V (Loyola College, Vettavalam, India) in translating this post.